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Published Articles in Scientific Journals
- “Postprandial insulin and triglycerides after different breakfast meal challenges: use of finger stick capillary dried blood spots to study postprandial dysmetabolism.” Kapur S, Groves MN, Zava DT, Kapur S. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2010; 4(2):236-243.
Summary: Dried blood spot technology was used to study the phenomenon of postprandial dysmetabolism, which has been characterized by sustained high levels of insulin and triglycerides in the blood after eating. This has been found to increase risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, but routine monitoring of dysmetabolism in the general population is hampered by the inconvenience of blood collection. The study demonstrated the ease of repeated blood spot collection at various times after eating typical breakfast meals. It also showed differences in levels of insulin and triglycerides after eating the different meals, which varied in nutritional content. Dried blood spots were found to be a convenient and simple tool to look at the effects of different diets on postprandial dysmetabolism. This method could therefore be used in larger-scale studies of the effects of diet on cardiometabolic risk.
See article abstract. To purchase the full article, visit the journal’s website at www.journalofdst.org.
- “Poster presentation report: safety of maternal testosterone therapy during breast feeding.” Glaser RL, Newman M, Parsons M, Zava D, Glaser-Garbrick D. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, 2009: 13(4):314-7.
Summary: This article summarizes a poster presentation from the 13th Annual International Congress on Steroidal Hormones and Cancer in September 2008 (the poster is included in the list below). The study found that in a woman undergoing testosterone supplementation for relief of depression, anxiety, irritability, memory loss, aches, and pains, testosterone was not passed on to her nursing infant during breast feeding. Blood spot testosterone levels were measured in the mother, her infant, and breast milk. Testosterone levels were increased during therapy in the mother’s blood, but not in the breast milk or in the infant’s blood.
See article abstract. To purchase the full article, visit the journal’s website at www.ijpc.com.
- “The physiologic role and use of estriol.” Paoletti JE. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, 2009: 13(4):270-5.
Summary: Estriol is one of the three main circulating estrogens in the body. The author explains the role of estriol in the body, particularly in protecting against breast cancer, and therefore the importance of balancing the estradiol/estriol ratio in women using bioidentical hormone restoration therapy.
See article abstract. To purchase the full article, visit the journal’s website at www.ijpc.com.
- “A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 in dried blood spots: a potential adjunct to diabetes and cardiometabolic risk screening.” Mark S. Newman, Theodore R Brandon, Margaret N. Groves, William L. Gregory, Sanjay Kapur, David T. Zava. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2009; 3(1):156-62.
Summary: This study demonstrated an excellent correlation between levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in blood spots and serum, allowing the blood spot assay to be used for accurate assessments of vitamin D status in screening situations. Low levels of vitamin D have been linked to both type I and type II diabetes, and vitamin D deficiency is also emerging as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The paper discusses these implications. See the article abstract. To purchase the full article, visit the journal’s website at www.journalofdst.org.
- “Differentiation and treatment of hypothyroidism, functional hypothyroidism and functional metabolism.” Paoletti JE. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, 2008; 12(6): 489-497.
Summary: This article looks at the different levels at which thyroid production, metabolism, and dysfunctions of utilization can lead to classical symptoms of hypothyroidism. An understanding of how to use and interpret thyroid function measurements to allow determination of where the problems exist, and how to choose appropriate treatment, is presented also. See the article abstract. To purchase the full article, visit the journal’s website at www.ijpc.com.
- “Pilot study: absorption and efficacy of multiple hormones delivered in a single cream applied to the mucous membranes of the labia and vagina.” Glaser RL, Zava DT, Wurtzbacher D. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 2008; 66(2):111-8.
Summary: This is the first study to document absorption of multiple hormones applied topically to the vagina by measuring their levels in both saliva and blood. Hormones included in the cream were estriol, estradiol, progesterone, DHEA, and testosterone. There was a measurable increase in health-related quality of life after using the cream in the 12 postmenopausal women involved in the study. See the article abstract. To access the full article, visit the publisher’s website.
- “Cardiometabolic risk factors assessed by a finger stick dried blood spot method." Sanjay Kapur, PhD, Sonia Kapur, PhD, and David Zava, PhD. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2008; 2(2): 236-241.
Summary: This article describes analytical methods for measurement of insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and triglycerides from dried blood spots and validation of these methods by comparison with analysis performed in serum. The article shows that dried blood spot samples may be used as the sample of choice when convenience is desired and in situations where conventional blood collection is not available. See the article abstract. To access the full article, visit the journal’s website at www.journalofdst.org.
- “Analysis of the Use of Dried Blood Spot Measurements in Disease Screening." Ramakrishnan Lakshmy, Ph.D. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2008; 2(2): 242-243.
Summary: The use of dried blood spots for the measurement of insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and triglycerides is reported in this article. A good correlation between measurement of these analytes in dried blood and serum suggests that the method is valid and has the potential to be used for the screening of cardiometabolic risk factors. While this article is not a ZRT publication, it is included here because it mentions ZRT's Research Director, Sanjay Kapur, and his article listed above indicating that there is good correlation between dried capillary blood and serum obtained through venipuncture. See the article abstract. To access the full article, visit the journal’s website at www.journalofdst.org.
- "A comparison of blood spot vs. plasma analysis of gonadotropin and ovarian steroid hormone levels in reproductive-age women." Edelman A, Stouffer R, Zava DT, Jensen JT. Fertility and Sterility 2007; 88(5): 1404-1407.
Summary: This article documents a study comparing LH, FSH, progesterone, and estradiol levels obtained from blood spot versus plasma and concludes that blood spot testing can be just as valid as blood serum testing in documenting circulating hormone levels seen during ovulatory cycles. See the article abstract. To access the full article, click here for purchase options: Elsevier Full-Text Article link.
- “Correcting misconceptions about compounding bioidentical hormones: a review of the literature.” Paoletti J. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding 2007;11(4):269-272. To purchase the full article, visit the journal’s website at www.ijpc.com.
- “Saliva hormone testing.” David Zava, PhD, Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients 2004; January:120-124.
Summary: This review discusses the rationale for, as well as advantages and disadvantages, of saliva testing. It describes and explains the phenomenon of higher saliva than serum levels of hormones when they are delivered topically, and details how salivary hormone testing can help detect hormone imbalances that affect health and wellbeing. See full article.
- “A perspective on hormone replacement for women: picking up the pieces after the Women’s Health Initiative Trial.” Gillson GR, Zava DT. Part 1 – International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding 2003;7(4):250-256. Part II – International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding 2003;7(5):330-358. To purchase the full articles, visit the journal’s website at www.ijpc.com.
- “The hormonal link to breast cancer: the estrogen matrix.” Zava, DT. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding 2002:6(4):250-254.
Summary: The biochemical and hormonal imbalances that increase the levels of unopposed estrogens in breast tissue, and therefore increase the risk of breast cancer, are described. Factors leading to increased risk include obesity, conventional HRT, pollutants, stress, and adrenal dysfunction.
To purchase the full article, visit the journal’s website at www.ijpc.com.
- “Overall self-confidence, self-confidence in mathematics, and sex-role stereotyping in relation to salivary free testosterone in university women.” Johnson W, Zava D, McCoy N. Perceptual and Motor Skills 2000; 91(2):391-401. Summary: The relationship between salivary free testosterone levels and measures of self-confidence was studied in 40 young women. See the article abstract.
- “Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices.” Zava DT, Dollbaum CM, Blen M. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1998;217(3):369-378. Summary: This study demonstrates that various common foods, herbs, and spices contain phytoestrogens and phytoprogestins, which then exert biological activity when consumed. See the article abstract.
Abstracts/Posters Presented at Scientific Meetings
- “Postprandial insulin and triglyceride levels after different breakfast meal challenges – measurement in dried blood spots (DBS).” Kapur S, Groves M, Zava D, Kapur S. 7th Annual World Congress on Insulin Resistance, San Francisco, CA, Nov. 5-7, 2009. Abstract published in Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 2001;7(1). See the poster presented.
- “Dried blood spot study shows improvement of cardiometabolic risk with higher testosterone levels in men.” Kapur S, Kapur S, Norris W, Groves M, Zava D. Diabetes Science and Technology Meeting, Bethesda, Maryland, Nov. 13-15, 2008.
- “Sex steroid monitoring during pregnancy using a saliva test.” Vanston C, Watson NV, Zava DT. Nurse Practitioners in Women’s Health 11th Annual Premiere Women’s Health Conference, Seattle, October 15-18, 2008. See the poster presented.
- “Safety of maternal testosterone therapy during breast feeding.” Glaser R, Newman M, Parsons M, Zava D. 13th International Congress on Hormonal Steroids and Cancer, Quebec City, Canada, September 27-30, 2008. See the poster presented.
- “Body mass index and salivary estradiol.” Zava DT, Newman MS. North American Menopause Society 19th Annual Meeting, Orlando, September 24-27, 2008. See the poster presented.
- “Dried blood spot screening for cardiometabolic risk markers shows benefit of exercise.” Kapur S, Kapur S, Groves M, Zava D. American Diabetes Association 68th Scientific Sessions, San Francisco, June 6-10, 2008; Abstract 1046-P. See the poster presented.
- “Association between testosterone and cardiometabolic risk: a dried blood spot analysis study.” Zava D, Kapur S, Norris W, Kapur S. International Academy of Compounding Pharmacists, Washington DC, May 31-June 3, 2008. See the poster presented.
- “Quantitative analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamins D2 and D3 in dried bloodspot by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.” Newman MS, Zava DT, Brandon TR, Groves MN. Pediatric Academic Societies and Asian Society for Pediatric Research Joint Meeting, Honolulu, May 2-6, 2008. See the poster presented.
- “A novel model of care to reduce inflammation and improve cardiometabolic measures in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.” Stephenson K, Neuenschwander P, Kurdowska A, Olusola P, Van Hook A, Kapur S, Zava D. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Annual Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, April 16-18, 2008. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2008;28(6): page e70, Abstract P199. Abstract can be viewed on the journal’s website. See the poster presented.
- “Extraction prior to enzyme immunoassay gives reliable salivary estradiol monitoring during estrogen therapy.” Newman MS, Stanczyk FZ, Zava DT. Society for Gynecologic Investigation 55th Annual Scientific Meeting, San Diego, March 26-29, 2008. See the poster presented.
- “Cardiometabolic health monitoring using dried blood spot.” Kapur S, Kapur S, Zava D. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology and 7th Annual Diabetes Technology Meeting, San Francisco, October 25-26, 2007.
- “Dried blood spot screening of cardiometabolic risks.” Kapur S, Kapur S, Zava D. American Academy of Clinical Cardiology Annual Meeting, San Diego, July 15-19, 2007.
- “Filter paper-dried blood spot assay of hemoglobin A1c.” Kapur S, Kapur S, Zava D. American Diabetes Association 67th Scientific Sessions, Chicago, IL, June 22-26, 2007; Abstract 2287-PO.
- “Metabolic syndrome wellness screening program using dried blood spot.” Kapur S, Meyer W, Kapur S, Zava D. American Diabetes Association 67th Scientific Sessions, Chicago, IL, June 22-26, 2007; Abstract 2289-PO.
- “Gender differences in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as determined by dried blood spot assay.” Kapur S, Kapur S, Zava D. The Endocrine Society’s 89th Annual Meeting, Toronto, June 2-5, 2007. See the poster presented.
- “Transdermal estradiol and progesterone improve mood indicators, quality of life, and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.” Stephenson K, Kurdowska A, Neuenschwander P, Loewenstein I, Olusola P, Pinson B, Stephenson D, Kinsey R, Stephenson J, Stephenson J, Kapur S, Zava D. Abstracts from the 47th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology & Prevention, Orlando, Feb 28-Mar 3, 2007. Circulation 2007; 115(8): page e277, Abstract P260. Abstract can be viewed on the journal’s website. See the poster presented.
- “Filter paper dried blood spot assay of insulin measurement.” Zava D, Kapur S, Kashi ZM. American Diabetes Association 66th Scientific Sessions, Washington DC, June 9-13 2006; Poster 600-P. See the poster presented.
- “Gonadotropin and steroid hormone testing by conventional serum venipuncture and finger-stick dried blood spot.” Zava D, Kapur S, Kashi ZM. Endocrine Society Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, June 24-26 2006. See the poster presented.
- “Topical progesterone cream does not increase thrombotic and inflammatory factors in postmenopausal women.” Stephenson K, Price C, Neuenschwander P, Kurdowska A, Pinson B, Stephenson D, Stephenson J, Zava D, Alfred D, Krupa A, Mahoney D, Bevan M. Abstracts of the American Society of Hematology 46th Annual Meeting, San Diego, December 4-7, 2004. Blood 2004; 104(11 part 2):414b-415b.
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